Business

As a successful Management Consultant to the United Nations, Credit Suisse, Swiss Re, Colgate-Palmolive and others, as well as starting my own companies including Unism, Inc. and the International Resin Modellers Association, which are incorporated, developed and run by me, the explanation that follows is based on my own experience as well as bachelors and masters degrees in business administration and international business from Central Michigan University, the CMU School of Graduate Studies and the United Nations. Business involves products and services that rely on purchase and use by the consumer. In establishing a business five areas are involved: management, marketing, finance, accounting and sales. Management runs the day-to-day operations of an organization to make sure schedules are kept, production standards are maintained, employees are productive and rules, regulations and corporate policies are adhered to. Management also runs other areas. Marketing deals with product placement, positioning, price ranges, research, preparation of releases, strategic planning, development and distribution channels as well as other areas relating to end use, wholesale and retail channels. Finance deals with projections based on product and services for potential revenue. It also looks at existing cash flow streams from Income Statements, Sales Statements and other corporate paper to maximize corporate capital, return-on-investment for stockholders and profits. Finance also tries to minimize expenses such as wages, salaries, rent, mortgages and other debts. Accounting basically keeps track of how the company's money is being spent, payment of bills, tracking what is owed by clients, partners and customers and maintaining compliance for reporting, taxes, accuracy on the balance sheets and other historical aspects of income and distribution. Sales involves opening new accounts, maintaining existing ones and generating and enhancing revenues through purchase of company products and services to wholesalers, retailers

Marketing

The explanation that follows this paragraph is based on my B.S. in Business from the Central Michigan University School of Business and is one of my business majors involving Marketing and Market Research. This is supplemented with over 20 years of business experience as well as graduate studies as part of a Masters in International Business Relations from the CMU School of Graduate Studies and the United Nations. Marketing is the presentation of a product or service to potential clients to establish new channels of distribution or maintain existing ones or in some cases elimination if the channel is no longer relevant. Marketing also involves positioning a product based on price points, consumer perception, comparison to competition, placement in stores, advertising in the media such as the internet, television, radio, newspapers, magazines, bill boards and etc. Successful marketing results in increased sales and revenues for the parent company as well as any wholesalers or retailers in the distribution chain.

Public Speaking

My experience in Public Speaking is based on coursework in this specific area from Delta College, Central Michigan University, CMU School of Graduate Studies and the United Nations. It is also supplemented professionally as a former spokesperson for the United Nations, a Presentor for ICM Communications, lecturing as a Professor in college and university settings and giving presentations for my own corporations: Unism Inc. and the International Resin Modellers Association. My audiences have ranged in size from 15-400+ people and my preparation and techniques are contained in the explanation below. Public speaking can involve an audience ranging from a small group to an auditorium to a television or internet reaching the whole planet. It can also be done for fun or professionally. Most public speaking includes speeches or talking to communicate view points, instructions, personal beliefs, religious perspective or other ideas to several people at one time. When preparing for public speaking it is best to write down the topic to be discussed. Starting with an outline format the speaker can then form a logical progression for an event, class or appearance. It is best to have an introduction, main idea which can be expanded on, or series or ideas, then a conclusion. Timing is also important if there is a set period to be filled by the speaker. Most public speakers work for corporations, organizations and independently to represent company, community or personal perspectives. Politicians are also public speakers as part of their positions when communicating with the public to convey party, organizational or personal opinions, policies and ideas. Ministers are also included as are motivational speakers, coaches, teachers, professors and even actors in live settings. In many cases, once the speech or event is communicated and concluded there is a question and answer period, especially in the classroom or media settings. Public speaking is considered one of the most difficult things for people to do and in surveys

QuickBooks

My experience with Quickbooks is based on its use within my organization, the International Resin Modellers Association, for billing, invoicing, cash disbursement, collections and book keeping functions. It is a user friendly program and for us, very efficient. QuickBooks is an accounting program used by many businesses and other entities to accept payments, keep track of accounts receivable and even disperse payroll. When using QuickBooks there is an option to create a business profile and even more than one. For this aspect the user enters the business name, industry, address, contact information and type of legal formation (sole-propietor, partnership, corporation and etc.). The user then sets up the bookkeeping portion to track cash flows, what is owed in various categories such as rent, mortgage, materials, utilities, wages and others. There is also an account receivable for recording who owes what to the company such as goods, services and credits. Additional options allow the user to utilize payment with credit cards, using on-line payment systems including banking, sales tax calculations and more recently payroll assistance. Different aspects of QuickBooks are accessed through a menu of categories on the left side of the screen or icons arranged in a business cashflow chart separated into three segments: Money In, Your Business and Money Out. Money In includes Sales Receipts, Deposits and the option to Accept Credit Cards and is linked by Customers to the Your Business section. In Your Business the icons include Bank Accounts, Inventory Upgrade and Profit & Loss (balance sheet, Income Statement, Cashflow and etc.) and is linked via Vendors to the Money Out portion. Money Out includes Pay Employees, Write Checks, Record Expenses and Issue Refunds. In each section with each icon there are further, more detailed options such as Customers when opened new customers can be added, existing profiles examined and from these visits and follow ups can be scheduled. Newer features include the ability to cre

Microsoft Windows

The explanation below is based on past experience and certification as a Windows Instructor for ATM Friendly Computers and CompUSA, both located in New York City. This education is supplemented by studies in programming and DOS through Central Michigan University as part of a BS in Business. Microsoft Windows is the equivalent to the Apple Operating System created by Steve Jobs. Bill Gates thought the same type of platform could be adapted for IBM type PCs and successfully market this as Windows. Windows opens up on the majority of newly purchased home PCs, laptops and even cell phones now. It is the system that uses Icons (little pictures) to initiate the opening of various applications. Some Icons are automatically stored on the "desktop" or main window that is always open. Others are hidden unless the user created a "shortcut" to place an Icon on the desktop.

QuickBooks

My experience with Quickbooks is based on its use within my organization, the International Resin Modellers Association, for billing, invoicing, cash disbursement, collections and book keeping functions. It is a user friendly program and for us, very efficient. QuickBooks is an accounting program used by many businesses and other entities to accept payments, keep track of accounts receivable and even disperse payroll. When using QuickBooks there is an option to create a business profile and even more than one. For this aspect the user enters the business name, industry, address, contact information and type of legal formation (sole-propietor, partnership, corporation and etc.). The user then sets up the bookkeeping portion to track cash flows, what is owed in various categories such as rent, mortgage, materials, utilities, wages and others. There is also an account receivable for recording who owes what to the company such as goods, services and credits. Additional options allow the user to utilize payment with credit cards, using on-line payment systems including banking, sales tax calculations and more recently payroll assistance. Different aspects of QuickBooks are accessed through a menu of categories on the left side of the screen or icons arranged in a business cashflow chart separated into three segments: Money In, Your Business and Money Out. Money In includes Sales Receipts, Deposits and the option to Accept Credit Cards and is linked by Customers to the Your Business section. In Your Business the icons include Bank Accounts, Inventory Upgrade and Profit & Loss (balance sheet, Income Statement, Cashflow and etc.) and is linked via Vendors to the Money Out portion. Money Out includes Pay Employees, Write Checks, Record Expenses and Issue Refunds. In each section with each icon there are further, more detailed options such as Customers when opened new customers can be added, existing profiles examined and from these visits and follow ups can be scheduled. Newer features include the ability to cre

Business

As a successful Management Consultant to the United Nations, Credit Suisse, Swiss Re, Colgate-Palmolive and others, as well as starting my own companies including Unism, Inc. and the International Resin Modellers Association, which are incorporated, developed and run by me, the explanation that follows is based on my own experience as well as bachelors and masters degrees in business administration and international business from Central Michigan University, the CMU School of Graduate Studies and the United Nations. Business involves products and services that rely on purchase and use by the consumer. In establishing a business five areas are involved: management, marketing, finance, accounting and sales. Management runs the day-to-day operations of an organization to make sure schedules are kept, production standards are maintained, employees are productive and rules, regulations and corporate policies are adhered to. Management also runs other areas. Marketing deals with product placement, positioning, price ranges, research, preparation of releases, strategic planning, development and distribution channels as well as other areas relating to end use, wholesale and retail channels. Finance deals with projections based on product and services for potential revenue. It also looks at existing cash flow streams from Income Statements, Sales Statements and other corporate paper to maximize corporate capital, return-on-investment for stockholders and profits. Finance also tries to minimize expenses such as wages, salaries, rent, mortgages and other debts. Accounting basically keeps track of how the company's money is being spent, payment of bills, tracking what is owed by clients, partners and customers and maintaining compliance for reporting, taxes, accuracy on the balance sheets and other historical aspects of income and distribution. Sales involves opening new accounts, maintaining existing ones and generating and enhancing revenues through purchase of company products and services to wholesalers, retailers

ESL/ESOL

As an ESL Instructor with the International Center of New York City, creator and teacher of the 92nd Street YMHA Emigree Program and Instructor with the United Nations, each for over 5 years, the explanation that follows is based on my own experience and certification through the organizations listed previously. English as a Second Language is important in nations that speak it including the U.S.A., U.K., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and South Africa, especially for those immigrating from non-English speaking nations or regions. For ESL/ESOL it is best to start with basic conversation, reading and writing to establish linguistic patterns and methods. Depending on the need and capabilities of the student approaches can vary from immersion, meaning English only, to daily, weekly or monthly meetings to study, test and communicate. For study it is best for the student and instructor to use the same text book. The instructor can assign set portions to be read, exercises to be completed and tasks to be accomplished by set time periods. With successful progression field trips and other interactive methods can be introduced for the student to accomplish independently, in a group setting or with the assistance of the instructor. In some cases the purpose of ESL might be simply for the enrichment of the student while in others it may be a requirement for work or even citizenship. Regardless, the methodology can be uniform for all goals or set individually for the student(s). Supplements can involve recordings for the student to practice with, conversations with the instructor, other students, friends or family in which it is essential that communication of needs, wants, desires, ideas and etc. must be completed in English. Timing can vary also depending on the need and student's ability to comprehend. In the end, although the instructor can be as patient and encouraging as possible, success will rely on the student's aptitude, comprehension and willingness to learn, retain and communicate through the exerci

Public Speaking

My experience in Public Speaking is based on coursework in this specific area from Delta College, Central Michigan University, CMU School of Graduate Studies and the United Nations. It is also supplemented professionally as a former spokesperson for the United Nations, a Presentor for ICM Communications, lecturing as a Professor in college and university settings and giving presentations for my own corporations: Unism Inc. and the International Resin Modellers Association. My audiences have ranged in size from 15-400+ people and my preparation and techniques are contained in the explanation below. Public speaking can involve an audience ranging from a small group to an auditorium to a television or internet reaching the whole planet. It can also be done for fun or professionally. Most public speaking includes speeches or talking to communicate view points, instructions, personal beliefs, religious perspective or other ideas to several people at one time. When preparing for public speaking it is best to write down the topic to be discussed. Starting with an outline format the speaker can then form a logical progression for an event, class or appearance. It is best to have an introduction, main idea which can be expanded on, or series or ideas, then a conclusion. Timing is also important if there is a set period to be filled by the speaker. Most public speakers work for corporations, organizations and independently to represent company, community or personal perspectives. Politicians are also public speakers as part of their positions when communicating with the public to convey party, organizational or personal opinions, policies and ideas. Ministers are also included as are motivational speakers, coaches, teachers, professors and even actors in live settings. In many cases, once the speech or event is communicated and concluded there is a question and answer period, especially in the classroom or media settings. Public speaking is considered one of the most difficult things for people to do and in surveys

ESL/ESOL

As an ESL Instructor with the International Center of New York City, creator and teacher of the 92nd Street YMHA Emigree Program and Instructor with the United Nations, each for over 5 years, the explanation that follows is based on my own experience and certification through the organizations listed previously. English as a Second Language is important in nations that speak it including the U.S.A., U.K., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and South Africa, especially for those immigrating from non-English speaking nations or regions. For ESL/ESOL it is best to start with basic conversation, reading and writing to establish linguistic patterns and methods. Depending on the need and capabilities of the student approaches can vary from immersion, meaning English only, to daily, weekly or monthly meetings to study, test and communicate. For study it is best for the student and instructor to use the same text book. The instructor can assign set portions to be read, exercises to be completed and tasks to be accomplished by set time periods. With successful progression field trips and other interactive methods can be introduced for the student to accomplish independently, in a group setting or with the assistance of the instructor. In some cases the purpose of ESL might be simply for the enrichment of the student while in others it may be a requirement for work or even citizenship. Regardless, the methodology can be uniform for all goals or set individually for the student(s). Supplements can involve recordings for the student to practice with, conversations with the instructor, other students, friends or family in which it is essential that communication of needs, wants, desires, ideas and etc. must be completed in English. Timing can vary also depending on the need and student's ability to comprehend. In the end, although the instructor can be as patient and encouraging as possible, success will rely on the student's aptitude, comprehension and willingness to learn, retain and communicate through the exerci

Public Speaking

My experience in Public Speaking is based on coursework in this specific area from Delta College, Central Michigan University, CMU School of Graduate Studies and the United Nations. It is also supplemented professionally as a former spokesperson for the United Nations, a Presentor for ICM Communications, lecturing as a Professor in college and university settings and giving presentations for my own corporations: Unism Inc. and the International Resin Modellers Association. My audiences have ranged in size from 15-400+ people and my preparation and techniques are contained in the explanation below. Public speaking can involve an audience ranging from a small group to an auditorium to a television or internet reaching the whole planet. It can also be done for fun or professionally. Most public speaking includes speeches or talking to communicate view points, instructions, personal beliefs, religious perspective or other ideas to several people at one time. When preparing for public speaking it is best to write down the topic to be discussed. Starting with an outline format the speaker can then form a logical progression for an event, class or appearance. It is best to have an introduction, main idea which can be expanded on, or series or ideas, then a conclusion. Timing is also important if there is a set period to be filled by the speaker. Most public speakers work for corporations, organizations and independently to represent company, community or personal perspectives. Politicians are also public speakers as part of their positions when communicating with the public to convey party, organizational or personal opinions, policies and ideas. Ministers are also included as are motivational speakers, coaches, teachers, professors and even actors in live settings. In many cases, once the speech or event is communicated and concluded there is a question and answer period, especially in the classroom or media settings. Public speaking is considered one of the most difficult things for people to do and in surveys

Religion

My background in religion comes from comparative theological studies as a student at Delta College and Central Michigan University. Further studies were acquired through the United Nations and participation in the major religions when residing in New York City. This included visiting and attending such houses of worship as St. Peter's Cathederal, the Old John Street United Methodist Church, Synogogue and Hebrew/Judaic studies with Hineni, Mosque on 22nd Street, the Buddhist Temple while living in Chicago, Hindu Shrine in New York City and Shinto at the Japan Society in New York City. Religion is the spriritual essence of humanity. Although there are numerous religions there are six that are the most prominent in recent history: Hinduism, Buddhism, Hebrewism/Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Shinto. Prior to these, in the West, were the religions of Ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome and others in Europe. At the same time there were other ancient religions throughout Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia often focusing on local traditions and beliefs. In the East Hinduism emerged in India believing in a central figure for God along with many lesser gods that helped or supplemented Rama, the creator/destroyer. Hindiusm believes in continual rebirth or reincarnation and advancement based on merit of past lives until finally enlightenment is attained and the individual is released into eternal bliss. Buddhism emerged from Hinduism when the Buddha discovered pain and suffering in the world because he was shielded from these as a young prince by his parents. The Buddha took a more philosophical approach to existence and taught that man himself is responsible to attain enlightenment rather than relying on a religious structure. Hebraism/Judaism was founded with the birth of Jacob/Israel to Abraham with whom God gave a covenant based on his virtuous life. Hebraism was the faith of Ancient Israel and became Judaism when 10 of the Israelite tribe vanished into antiquity. Judaism maintaines the original covenant based on the

Social Studies

My knowledge of Social Studies has been acquired in the realm of Political Science studies at Delta College, Central Michigan University, the CMU School of Graduate Studies and as an economist with the United Nations. Further experience comes from being an Instructor for the 92nd Street Y Emigree Program, which I created. This aspect was essential to the program's success via Social Studies and interaction.

ESL/ESOL

As an ESL Instructor with the International Center of New York City, creator and teacher of the 92nd Street YMHA Emigree Program and Instructor with the United Nations, each for over 5 years, the explanation that follows is based on my own experience and certification through the organizations listed previously. English as a Second Language is important in nations that speak it including the U.S.A., U.K., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and South Africa, especially for those immigrating from non-English speaking nations or regions. For ESL/ESOL it is best to start with basic conversation, reading and writing to establish linguistic patterns and methods. Depending on the need and capabilities of the student approaches can vary from immersion, meaning English only, to daily, weekly or monthly meetings to study, test and communicate. For study it is best for the student and instructor to use the same text book. The instructor can assign set portions to be read, exercises to be completed and tasks to be accomplished by set time periods. With successful progression field trips and other interactive methods can be introduced for the student to accomplish independently, in a group setting or with the assistance of the instructor. In some cases the purpose of ESL might be simply for the enrichment of the student while in others it may be a requirement for work or even citizenship. Regardless, the methodology can be uniform for all goals or set individually for the student(s). Supplements can involve recordings for the student to practice with, conversations with the instructor, other students, friends or family in which it is essential that communication of needs, wants, desires, ideas and etc. must be completed in English. Timing can vary also depending on the need and student's ability to comprehend. In the end, although the instructor can be as patient and encouraging as possible, success will rely on the student's aptitude, comprehension and willingness to learn, retain and communicate through the exerci

ESL/ESOL

As an ESL Instructor with the International Center of New York City, creator and teacher of the 92nd Street YMHA Emigree Program and Instructor with the United Nations, each for over 5 years, the explanation that follows is based on my own experience and certification through the organizations listed previously. English as a Second Language is important in nations that speak it including the U.S.A., U.K., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and South Africa, especially for those immigrating from non-English speaking nations or regions. For ESL/ESOL it is best to start with basic conversation, reading and writing to establish linguistic patterns and methods. Depending on the need and capabilities of the student approaches can vary from immersion, meaning English only, to daily, weekly or monthly meetings to study, test and communicate. For study it is best for the student and instructor to use the same text book. The instructor can assign set portions to be read, exercises to be completed and tasks to be accomplished by set time periods. With successful progression field trips and other interactive methods can be introduced for the student to accomplish independently, in a group setting or with the assistance of the instructor. In some cases the purpose of ESL might be simply for the enrichment of the student while in others it may be a requirement for work or even citizenship. Regardless, the methodology can be uniform for all goals or set individually for the student(s). Supplements can involve recordings for the student to practice with, conversations with the instructor, other students, friends or family in which it is essential that communication of needs, wants, desires, ideas and etc. must be completed in English. Timing can vary also depending on the need and student's ability to comprehend. In the end, although the instructor can be as patient and encouraging as possible, success will rely on the student's aptitude, comprehension and willingness to learn, retain and communicate through the exerci

ESL/ESOL

As an ESL Instructor with the International Center of New York City, creator and teacher of the 92nd Street YMHA Emigree Program and Instructor with the United Nations, each for over 5 years, the explanation that follows is based on my own experience and certification through the organizations listed previously. English as a Second Language is important in nations that speak it including the U.S.A., U.K., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and South Africa, especially for those immigrating from non-English speaking nations or regions. For ESL/ESOL it is best to start with basic conversation, reading and writing to establish linguistic patterns and methods. Depending on the need and capabilities of the student approaches can vary from immersion, meaning English only, to daily, weekly or monthly meetings to study, test and communicate. For study it is best for the student and instructor to use the same text book. The instructor can assign set portions to be read, exercises to be completed and tasks to be accomplished by set time periods. With successful progression field trips and other interactive methods can be introduced for the student to accomplish independently, in a group setting or with the assistance of the instructor. In some cases the purpose of ESL might be simply for the enrichment of the student while in others it may be a requirement for work or even citizenship. Regardless, the methodology can be uniform for all goals or set individually for the student(s). Supplements can involve recordings for the student to practice with, conversations with the instructor, other students, friends or family in which it is essential that communication of needs, wants, desires, ideas and etc. must be completed in English. Timing can vary also depending on the need and student's ability to comprehend. In the end, although the instructor can be as patient and encouraging as possible, success will rely on the student's aptitude, comprehension and willingness to learn, retain and communicate through the exerci

ESL/ESOL

As an ESL Instructor with the International Center of New York City, creator and teacher of the 92nd Street YMHA Emigree Program and Instructor with the United Nations, each for over 5 years, the explanation that follows is based on my own experience and certification through the organizations listed previously. English as a Second Language is important in nations that speak it including the U.S.A., U.K., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and South Africa, especially for those immigrating from non-English speaking nations or regions. For ESL/ESOL it is best to start with basic conversation, reading and writing to establish linguistic patterns and methods. Depending on the need and capabilities of the student approaches can vary from immersion, meaning English only, to daily, weekly or monthly meetings to study, test and communicate. For study it is best for the student and instructor to use the same text book. The instructor can assign set portions to be read, exercises to be completed and tasks to be accomplished by set time periods. With successful progression field trips and other interactive methods can be introduced for the student to accomplish independently, in a group setting or with the assistance of the instructor. In some cases the purpose of ESL might be simply for the enrichment of the student while in others it may be a requirement for work or even citizenship. Regardless, the methodology can be uniform for all goals or set individually for the student(s). Supplements can involve recordings for the student to practice with, conversations with the instructor, other students, friends or family in which it is essential that communication of needs, wants, desires, ideas and etc. must be completed in English. Timing can vary also depending on the need and student's ability to comprehend. In the end, although the instructor can be as patient and encouraging as possible, success will rely on the student's aptitude, comprehension and willingness to learn, retain and communicate through the exerci

Marketing

The explanation that follows this paragraph is based on my B.S. in Business from the Central Michigan University School of Business and is one of my business majors involving Marketing and Market Research. This is supplemented with over 20 years of business experience as well as graduate studies as part of a Masters in International Business Relations from the CMU School of Graduate Studies and the United Nations. Marketing is the presentation of a product or service to potential clients to establish new channels of distribution or maintain existing ones or in some cases elimination if the channel is no longer relevant. Marketing also involves positioning a product based on price points, consumer perception, comparison to competition, placement in stores, advertising in the media such as the internet, television, radio, newspapers, magazines, bill boards and etc. Successful marketing results in increased sales and revenues for the parent company as well as any wholesalers or retailers in the distribution chain.

Religion

My background in religion comes from comparative theological studies as a student at Delta College and Central Michigan University. Further studies were acquired through the United Nations and participation in the major religions when residing in New York City. This included visiting and attending such houses of worship as St. Peter's Cathederal, the Old John Street United Methodist Church, Synogogue and Hebrew/Judaic studies with Hineni, Mosque on 22nd Street, the Buddhist Temple while living in Chicago, Hindu Shrine in New York City and Shinto at the Japan Society in New York City. Religion is the spriritual essence of humanity. Although there are numerous religions there are six that are the most prominent in recent history: Hinduism, Buddhism, Hebrewism/Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Shinto. Prior to these, in the West, were the religions of Ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome and others in Europe. At the same time there were other ancient religions throughout Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia often focusing on local traditions and beliefs. In the East Hinduism emerged in India believing in a central figure for God along with many lesser gods that helped or supplemented Rama, the creator/destroyer. Hindiusm believes in continual rebirth or reincarnation and advancement based on merit of past lives until finally enlightenment is attained and the individual is released into eternal bliss. Buddhism emerged from Hinduism when the Buddha discovered pain and suffering in the world because he was shielded from these as a young prince by his parents. The Buddha took a more philosophical approach to existence and taught that man himself is responsible to attain enlightenment rather than relying on a religious structure. Hebraism/Judaism was founded with the birth of Jacob/Israel to Abraham with whom God gave a covenant based on his virtuous life. Hebraism was the faith of Ancient Israel and became Judaism when 10 of the Israelite tribe vanished into antiquity. Judaism maintaines the original covenant based on the

ESL/ESOL

As an ESL Instructor with the International Center of New York City, creator and teacher of the 92nd Street YMHA Emigree Program and Instructor with the United Nations, each for over 5 years, the explanation that follows is based on my own experience and certification through the organizations listed previously. English as a Second Language is important in nations that speak it including the U.S.A., U.K., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and South Africa, especially for those immigrating from non-English speaking nations or regions. For ESL/ESOL it is best to start with basic conversation, reading and writing to establish linguistic patterns and methods. Depending on the need and capabilities of the student approaches can vary from immersion, meaning English only, to daily, weekly or monthly meetings to study, test and communicate. For study it is best for the student and instructor to use the same text book. The instructor can assign set portions to be read, exercises to be completed and tasks to be accomplished by set time periods. With successful progression field trips and other interactive methods can be introduced for the student to accomplish independently, in a group setting or with the assistance of the instructor. In some cases the purpose of ESL might be simply for the enrichment of the student while in others it may be a requirement for work or even citizenship. Regardless, the methodology can be uniform for all goals or set individually for the student(s). Supplements can involve recordings for the student to practice with, conversations with the instructor, other students, friends or family in which it is essential that communication of needs, wants, desires, ideas and etc. must be completed in English. Timing can vary also depending on the need and student's ability to comprehend. In the end, although the instructor can be as patient and encouraging as possible, success will rely on the student's aptitude, comprehension and willingness to learn, retain and communicate through the exerci